Filter by book of scripture or by crystal to reveal the King James verses that name each stone — with the original Hebrew or Greek term and the modern scholarly identification.
Sources & Method
Ancient stone names rarely map one-to-one onto modern minerals. Modern English Bibles collectively give more than forty identities for the twelve breastplate stones. This library keeps two layers separate: the King James name exactly as written, and the modern identification that linguistic, archaeological, and geological scholarship supports.
Principal sources: James A. Harrell, “Old Testament Gemstones,” Bulletin for Biblical Research 21.2 (2011). · Harrell, Hoffmeier & Williams, “Hebrew Gemstones in the Old Testament,” BBR 27.1 (2017). · Ephraim S. Ayil, Identifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew (Brill, 2024). Scripture: King James Version.
Confidence key: SOLID — modern name matches the ancient stone. INTERPRETED — the KJV name differs from the mineral scholarship supports, or the identification is contested. MATERIAL — names a material or metal, not a modern gemstone.
